MOBILE PHONES

THE MOBILE PHONE

A mobile phone (also known as a cellular phone and a cell phone) is a device that can make and receive telephone calls over a network  whilst moving around a wide geographic area. It does so by connecting to a cellular network provided by a mobile operator, allowing access to the public telephone network. By contrast, a cordless telephone is used only within the short range of a single, private  base station.

In addition to telephony, modern mobile phones also support a wide variety of other services such as text messaging, MMS, email,,entertain Internet access, short-range wireless communications (infrared, Bluetooth,wi-fi), business applications, gaming and photography. Mobile phones that offer these and more general computing capabilities are referred to a smart phones.

The first hand-held mobile phone was demonstrated by Dr Martin Cooper of  Motorola in 1973, using a handset weighting  2.2 pounds (1 kg).  In 1983, the DynaTAC 8000x was the first to be commercially available. From 1990 to 2011, worldwide mobile phone subscriptions grew from 12.4 million to over 5.6 billion, penetrating about 70% of the global population and reaching the bottom of the economic pyramid.

SEQUL  WISE PHONE





SIMPLE MOBILE PHONE



TOUC SCREEN






QWERTY KEY PAD PHONE



3G PHONE

HISTORY OF MOBILE PHONES

The first mobile telephone call was made on 17 June 1946 from a car in St. Louis, Missouri, USA , using the Bell System's Mobile Telephone Service. This was followed  in 1956 by the world first partly automatic car phone system, Mobile System A (MTA) in Sweden . The MTA phones  composed of vaccum tube and relay, and had a weight 88.2 pounds (40 kg).

Martin Cooper,  Motorola researcher and executive, led the team that developed the first hand-held mobile telephone for use on a cellular network.  Using a somewhat heavy portable handset, Cooper made the first call on a handheld mobile phone on April 3, 1973 to his rival, Dr. Joel S. Engel of Bell Labs.

As I walked down  the street while talking  on the phone, sophisticated New Yorkers gaped at the sight of someone actually moving around while making a phone call. Remember that in 1973, there weren't cordless telephones or cellular phones. I made numerous calls, including one where I crossed the street while talking to a New York radio reporter - probably one of the more dangerous things I have ever done in my life.

—Martin Cooper,

The new invention sold for $3,995 and weighed two pounds, leading to a nickname "the brick".

The world's first commercial automated cellular network was launched in Japan by NTT  in 1979, initially in the metropolitan area of Tokyo. In 1981, this was followed by the simultaneous launch of the Nordic Mobile Telephone ( NMT ) system in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Several countries then followed in the early-to-mid 1980s including the Mexico, UK  and Canada.

On 6 March 1983, the DynaTAc mobile phone launched on the first US 1G network by  Ameritech. It cost $100m to develop, and took over a decade to hit the market. The phone had a talk time of just half an hour and took ten hours to charge. Consumer demand was strong despite the battery life, weight, and low talk time and waiting lists were in the thousands.

In 1991, the second generation (2G) cellular technology was launched in Finland by Radio linja on the GSM standard, which sparked competition in the sector as the new operators challenged the incumbent 1G network operators.

Ten years later, in 2001, the third generation (3G) was launched in Japan by NTT DoCoMo on the WCDMA standard. This was followed by 3.5G, 3G+ or turbo 3G enhancements based on the high-speed packet access ( HSPA ) family, allowing UMTS networks to have higher data transfer speeds and capacitys.

By 2009 it had become clear that, at some point, 3G networks would be overwhelmed by the growth of band width-intensive applications like streaming medias. Consequently, the industry began looking to data-optimized 4 th- generation technologies , with the promise of speed improvements up to 10-fold over existing 3G technological.  first two commercial available technologies billed as 4G were theWiMAX standard (offered in the U.S. by Sprint) and the LTE standard, offered in Scandinavia by TeliaSonera.